GitHub Foundations Learning Path:
Explore the fundamentals of GitHub through Microsoft’s comprehensive learning path. This collection includes all the essential resources and tutorials to master GitHub’s version control and collaboration features.
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GitHub Foundations Certification Exam Outline
Domain 1: Introduction to Git and GitHub
Git and GitHub Basics
- Version Control: Understand what version control is.
- Distributed Version Control: Learn about distributed version control.
- Git: Know what Git is.
- GitHub: Understand what GitHub is.
- Difference Between Git and GitHub: Learn the differences.
- GitHub Repository: Know what a repository is.
- Commit: Understand commits.
- Branching: Learn about branching.
- Remote: Define a remote in Git terminology.
- GitHub Flow: Describe the GitHub flow.
GitHub Entities
- Accounts: Personal, organization, enterprise.
- Products: Free, pro for personal accounts; free for organizations, teams for organization accounts.
- Deployment Options: Different options for GitHub Enterprise.
- User Profile Features: Metadata, achievements, profile readme, repositories, pinned repositories, stars.
GitHub Markdown
- Text Formatting Toolbar: Identify it in issue and pull request comments.
- Markdown: Understand what Markdown is.
- Basic Formatting Syntax: Headings, links, task lists, comments.
- Slash Commands: Know where to find and use them.
GitHub Desktop
- Difference Between GitHub Desktop and github.com
- Features Available with GitHub Desktop
GitHub Mobile
- Features Available with GitHub Mobile
- Managing Notifications Through GitHub Mobile
Domain 2: Working with GitHub Repositories
Understanding GitHub Repositories
- README and Repository Files: Components of a good README, LICENSE, CONTRIBUTING, CODEOWNERS.
- Repository Navigation: Basic navigation.
- Creating a New Repository
- Repository Templates
- Maintaining a Repository: Different features.
- Cloning a Repository
- Creating a New Branch
- Adding Files to a Repository
- Viewing Repository Insights
- Saving a Repository with Stars
- Feature Previews
Domain 3: Collaboration Features
Issues
- Linking a PR to an Issue
- Creating an Issue
- Difference Between Issue, Discussion, Pull Request
- Creating a Branch from an Issue
- Assigning Issues
- Searching and Filtering Issues
- Pinning an Issue
- Basic Issue Management
- Issue Templates and Forms
- Keywords in Issues
Pull Requests
- Creating a New Pull Request
- Base and Compare Branches
- Relationship of Commits in a Pull Request
- Draft Pull Requests
- Pull Request Tabs: Conversation, commits, checks, files changed.
- Linking Activity within a Pull Request
- Pull Request Statuses
- Commenting on a Line of Code
- Code Review with a Codeowners File
- Options for Code Review: Comment, approve, request changes, suggested changes.
Discussions
- Difference Between Discussions and Issues
- Options in Discussions: Announcements, ideas, polls, Q&A, show and tell.
- Marking a Comment as an Answer
- Converting a Discussion to an Issue
- Pinning a Discussion
Notifications
- Managing Notification Subscriptions
- Subscribing to Notification Threads
- Finding Threads Where You Are Mentioned
- Notification Filtering Options
- Notification Configuration Options
Gists, Wikis, and GitHub Pages
- Creating a GitHub Gist
- Forking and Cloning a Gist
- GitHub Wiki Pages: Creating, editing, deleting, visibility.
- GitHub Pages
Domain 4: Modern Development
GitHub Actions
- Basic Understanding of GitHub Actions
- Event Types for GitHub Actions
- Finding Existing GitHub Actions
GitHub Copilot
- Understanding GitHub Copilot
- Difference Between GitHub Copilot for Individuals and Business
- Getting Started with GitHub Copilot
GitHub Codespaces
- Understanding GitHub Codespaces
- Starting a GitHub Codespace
- Codespace Lifecycle
- Customizing GitHub Codespaces
- Adding and Configuring Dev Containers
- Sharing a Deep Link to a Codespace
- Using the github.dev Editor
- Differences Between github.dev Editor and GitHub Codespace
Domain 5: Project Management
Manage Your Work with GitHub Projects
- Understanding GitHub Projects
- Project Layout Options
- Project Configuration Options
- Difference Between Projects and Projects Classic
- Using Labels and Milestones
- Creating and Using Template Repositories
- Creating, Editing, Deleting Saved Replies
- Using Project Workflows
- Project Insights
Domain 6: Privacy, Security, and Administration
Authentication and Security
- Securing Your Account with 2FA
- Understanding Access Permissions
- Enterprise Managed Users (EMUs)
GitHub Administration
- Enabling and Disabling Features
- Repository Permission Levels
- Repository Visibility Options
- Repository Privacy Settings: Branch protections, codeowners, required reviewers.
- Features in the Security Tab
- Managing Collaborators
Domain 7: Benefits of the GitHub Community
- Benefits of the Open Source Community
- Understanding Open Source
- GitHub Sponsors
- Advancing Open Source Projects with GitHub
- Following People and Organizations
- GitHub Marketplace
- Applying the Benefits of Open Source
- Understanding InnerSource and Its Differences from Open Source
- Forking
- Components of a Discoverable Repository
- Using Issue and Pull Request Templates
- Managing Organization Settings
- Members, Teams, and Roles in a GitHub Organization
Git Practical Tutorial
Table of Contents
Introduction
Git is a distributed version control system that helps developers track changes to files and collaborate efficiently. This practical tutorial will cover essential Git commands that are frequently used in day-to-day development.
Here are the Git commands from the tutorial in a simplified, step-by-step manner, using bash syntax for easy copying:
Setup Git
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| # Set up your name and email in Git
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "youremail@example.com"
# Verify your configuration
git config --list
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Creating a Repository
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| # Initialize an empty Git repository
git init
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| # Initialize a repository in an existing directory
cd your_project_directory
git init
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Cloning a Repository
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| # Clone a repository from a remote URL
git clone <repository-url>
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Staging and Committing Changes
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| # Check the current status of your repository
git status
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| # Stage individual files
git add <filename>
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| # Stage all files
git add .
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| # Commit your changes with a message
git commit -m "Your commit message"
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Viewing Commit History
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| # View the commit history
git log
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| # Simplified commit history (one line per commit)
git log --oneline
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Creating and Switching Branches
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| # Create a new branch
git branch <branch-name>
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| # Switch to the branch
git checkout <branch-name>
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| # Shortcut for creating and switching to a new branch
git checkout -b <branch-name>
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Merging Branches
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| # Switch back to the main branch
git checkout main
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| # Merge the feature branch into main
git merge <branch-name>
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Pushing Changes
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| # Push changes to the remote repository
git push origin <branch-name>
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Pulling Changes
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| # Pull the latest changes from the remote repository
git pull origin <branch-name>
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Forking and Contributing
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| # Clone your forked repository
git clone <your-forked-repository-url>
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Resolving Conflicts
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| # Pull the latest changes and handle conflicts
git pull
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| # After resolving conflicts, stage the resolved file
git add <conflicted-file>
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| # Commit the resolved file
git commit -m "Resolved conflict"
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Additional Git Commands
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| # Undo last commit but keep changes
git reset --soft HEAD^
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| # Remove file from staging area
git reset <file>
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| # Remove a file from Git and working directory
git rm <file>
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| # View changes before committing
git diff
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| # Rename a file
git mv <old-filename> <new-filename>
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Best Practices
- Commit Often: Make frequent, small commits to make tracking changes easier.
- Write Clear Commit Messages: Ensure your commit messages describe the changes clearly.
- Use Branches: For each new feature or bug fix, create a new branch. This keeps the main branch stable.
- Pull Frequently: Keep your local branch updated with changes from the remote repository.
- Avoid Large Commits: Commit changes related to one task or feature at a time.
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